BACKGROUND፡ Evidence-base practice needs to be supported by guidelines and decision-making protocols. This study aimed to look into the barriers and facilitators of adherence to national protocols in Ethiopia.

METHODS: Exploratory qualitative method was implemented to explore adherence to protocol. The national COVID-19 case management guideline was used as this study's

prototype reference. A total of five FGDS were conducted among 26 healthcare providers. A total of 14 physicians and 12 nurses participated in the FGDs.  Semi-structured focus group discussions guides were used to facilitate the discussion among healthcare workers involved in COVID-19 case management.  The FGDs were audio recorded, transcribed and analyzed thematically.

RESULTS: Three broad themes have emerged from the content analysis. These include individual factors, environmental factors and system factors. System factors barriers to utilization include unclear guidelines, discordant guidelines and a lack of live national guidelines, while the main facilitator was supportive management. The environmental factors that were barriers to adherence included limited infrastructure and shortages of drugs suggested in the protocols.

CONCLUSION: Outdated and discordant guidelines and a shortage of suggested managements were barriers. Future similar works should consider the identified barriers and need regular updates to facilitate effective implementation.

KEYWORDS: Adherence, barriers, facilitators.