BACKGROUND: Overutilization of advanced diagnostic imaging modalities strains health care systems, especially in resource limited setups. The aim of this study is to identify magnitude of inappropriate Head Computed Tomography scans at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital.METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Radiology department, among patients getting Head Computed Tomography examinations in the period of August 2018- November 2018. Appropriateness of each scan was assessed using the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria.RESULT: Of the 443 Head Computed Tomography scans assessed, 61.6% were done for male patients and the mean age of patients scanned is 35. Children younger than 14yrs of age constituted 17.2%. No contrast was used in 63.9% of the scans and 64.3% were initial imaging with no prior study for similar indication. Out of the scans evaluated,  11.7% were inappropriate. Headache (38.5%), Seizure (23.1%) and Head trauma (23.1%) were the commonest indications for inappropriate scan. Scans done for cerebrovascular disease were 240 times more likely to be appropriate. Large number of inappropriate scans were requested from central triage (33.3%) and adult emergency (26.2%). Pediatric department requested inapproprieate scans in 11.9% of the cases. Residents requested majority of inappropriate scans (82.3%). Inappropriateness was associated with use of contrast agent and having only incidental outcomes.CONCLUSION:  A large number of inappropriate Head Computed Tomography scans are being done. Mechanisms such as preauthorization by radiologists, increasing awareness by medical students, physicians, radiology residents and radiologists and preparing customized imaging appropriateness guidelines should be implemented. KEYWORDS: Overutilization, Unnecessary procedures, Computed tomography, neuroimaging